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A business of Marsh McLennan
China’s consumption
recovery
What to expect from Chinese consumers in 2023 and beyond
24 November 2022
A WORRYING STARTING POINT
3
HUGE LOSS IN CONSUMER CONFIDENCE AND SPENDING IN 2022
+0.6
%
yoy growth in
YTD retail spending
-1.7
%
yoy decline in
YTD discretionary spending
2019 full year: +8.0%
2020 full year:
2021 full year: +12.5%
Dive in consumer confidence
Slow down in retail spending
stagnant at
87.2
in September 2022
1. Range from 0-200, <100 means negative, >100 means optimistic; weighted average based on consumer satisfaction of current employment and financial condition and expectation of future 6-month condition
Source: National Bureau of Statistics
Beijing
-5% (Jan–Oct YTD)
Shanghai
-10% (Jan–Oct YTD)
2019 full year: +
2020 full year:
2021 full year: +
86.7
in April 2022, record low
Consumer Confidence Index
1
(NBS)
124.6
119.5
121.2
118.4
87.5
87.4
2019
2020
2021
2022 Q1
2022 Q2
2022 Q3
4
RECENT MASSIVE OUTBREAKS COULD PUT BOTH CHINA’S COVID POLICY
AND CONSUMER CONFIDENCE FURTHER TO THE TEST
Daily reported COVID-19 cases
0
20,000
40,000
0
1
/2
2
1
1
/2
2
0
7
/2
2
09
/2
2
0
3
/2
2
0
5
/2
2
1
0
/2
2
Mainland China
Regional level
Source: National Health Commission of China
2021 daily average was
below 100 cases
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
10/22
11/22
0
1,500
2,000
500
1,000
11/22
10/22
0
4,000
2,000
6,000
8,000
11/22
10/22
0
1,500
1,000
500
10/22
11/22
- Guangdong -
- Beijing -
- Chongqing -
- Sichuan -
5
20 MN NOT (FULLY) VACCINATED ELDERLY ARE HOLDING BACK REOPENING
93
70
62
40
Taiwan
Japan
Hong Kong
Mainland China
Vaccination rate (3
rd
dose) of elderly population
1
as of 11
th
November 2022
1. People aged 80 and above (75 and above in Taiwan)
Source: Financial Times
• ~
21 MN
elderly aged 80 or above
are not boosted with 3
rd
dose
• ~
12MN (34%)
have not
completed 2 doses of vaccination
• Severe cases among elderly would
overload China’s health care system
6
RETAIL SPENDING IS HEAVILY INFLUENCED BY CONSUMER SENTIMENT
OW consumer sentiment index – Current index of selective Tier 1 cities
Guangzhou
92
Shanghai
84
YTD retail sales growth % (Jan – Sept)
+2%
1
Beijing
90
-5%
-11%
Question: Would you say that you (and your family living there) are better off or worse financially than you were a year ago?
Aggregate index of current, 1-year and 5-year indexed to 100
1. Using Guangdong province data as proxy
Source: National Bureau of Statistics, Oliver Wyman’s consumer survey October 2022
EXECUTIVES ARE GETTING MORE WORRIED ABOUT A LONG ROAD TO
CONSUMER CONFIDENCE RECOVERY
50
44
39
28
22
17
11
6
22
39
50
67
50
39
33
56
City level lockdowns
61%
Loss of foreign talent
Supply chain disruption
Restrictions on domestic travel
44%
56%
Long road to consumer confidence recovery
Inflation and cost increases
83%
Patriotism impacting interest in foreign brands
Cost of attracting local talent
72%
89%
94%
72%
Increase in “Extremely likely”
vs. May
+11%pt
+28%pt
+11%pt
+11%pt
0%pt
0%pt
-6%pt
-6%pt
Question:
How likely do you believe the following factors will impact your Mainland China business in the next 12 months?
Source: Oliver Wyman’s executive survey May 2022 and October / November 2022
Extremely likely
Likely
Key concerns of executives
Event likelihood of impacting their China businesses in next 12 months
8
WE DID A SURVEY AMONG 4,000 CHINESE CONSUMERS TO DEEPDIVE INTO
CONSUMER SENTIMENT AND SPENDING TO BETTER PREDICT 2023
OW Sentiment Index
Sample size
NBS Consumer Confidence Index
Current
Conditions
Future
Expectations
c.4,000 samples
(Aggregate index of current, 1-year and 5-year index = 100)
• Current Sentiment Index:
current personal/family
financial conditions compared to 1 year ago
• 1-year Sentiment Index:
expected personal/family
financial conditions & country development in 1 year
• 5-year Sentiment Index:
expected country
development in 5 years
Over 6,000 samples
(CCI is an average of satisfaction & expectation index)
• Satisfaction Index:
current employment
situation, financial conditions & consumption
willingness
• Expectation Index:
expected employment
situation & financial conditions in next 6
months
THE LOWER TIER GROWTH ENGINE, CRITICAL TO DRIVE
CONSUMPTION GROWTH, IS STUCK
10
ACHIEVING 3-5% GDP GROWTH IN THE NEW ERA WILL REQUIRE MUCH
GREATER FOCUS ON DRIVING DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
The development of China real GDP
1
2010 - 2030F, %
Mar
ket
reali
ties
2020
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2022F
2024F
2026F
2030F
2028F
7%
11%
8%
7%
7%
2%
8%
Emerging
China
The “New Normal”
COVID period
“Chinese Modernization”
Focus on growth rate
Highly reliant on infrastructure
investment and export-oriented strategy
to spur growth
More balanced growth
‘dual circulation’
focusing on domestic
consumption
Net Export
Investment
Consumption
3-5%
Contribution to GDP (%)
2021
2030
c.59%
(+5%pt)
Deglobalization and trade
protectionism
54%
Slowdown of investment
in infrastructure
Supporting domestic
consumption via economic
policy
c.39%
(-4%pt)
43%
c.2%
(-1%pt)
3%
1. Historical data from National Statistics Bureau, Projection data integrate Fitch, IMF, World Bank, Asia Development Bank, CEBR, OCED
Source: National Bureau of Statistics, Fitch, IMF, World Bank, Asia Development Bank, CEBR, OCED, Morgan Stanley
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